|
AbatedAbated, an ancient technical term applied in masonry and metal work to those portions which are sunk beneath the surface, as in inscriptions where the ground is sunk round the letters so as to leave the letters or ornament in relief.''From 1911 Encyclop?dia Britannica'' |
|
|
| Construction Renewal 2005.11.04 |
|
Pantothenic_acidPantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5, is an antioxidant water-soluble vitamin needed to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Specifically, it is part of coenzyme-A (CoASH) in the metabolism and transfer of carbon chains. It is contained in whole grain cereals, legumes, Egg (food)|eggs, meat, royal jelly and many other foods.Pantothenic acid deficiency is very uncommon, but is more common with age. Symptoms of deficiency are highly similar to other vitamin B deficiencies. They include allergy|allergies (e.g. stuffed or runny nose), adrenal insuffiency, Addison's disease and rheumatoid arthritis.Pantothenic acid is an important tool in natural medicine, and replaces cortisone. It is also needed for proper and healthy growth of hair. ''Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)'' |
|
| Health care Renewal 2005.11.03 |
|
Hot_tubA hot tub is a large tub or small pool full of heated water and used for soaking, Recreation|relaxation, hydrotherapy, Reading (activity)|reading, or meditation. Hot tubs are frequently located out-of-doors although they may be sheltered against sun, rain, wind, or snow.There are essentially three different styles of hot tubs: * Simple wooden-staved soaking tubs * Fiberglass-reinforced plastic spas (whirlpool tubs) * Bathtub-sized indoor units |
|
| Health care Renewal 2005.11.02
Thiamine / Nutrition / Tyrosine / Homocysteine / Muscazone / Cholecalciferol / Proline / Vitamin C / Meig's syndrome / Serine / Aspartic acid / Biomedical technology / Dehydroalanine / Selenomethionine / Bodypump / Phenylalanine / Vitamin B / Hodges Health Career Model / Environmental health / Adenine
|
|
CADASILCADASIL stands for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy and is a genetic disorder characterised by migraines with aura and cerebrovascular disease causing dementia and stroke. The disease is caused by a Genetic mutation|mutation of the NOTCH3 gene. Some patients also experience mood disorders and epilepsy. CADASIL brain damage is characterized by subcortical infarcts, white matter damage and microbleeds. An ultrastructural analysis shows small caliber arterial damage, consisting in smooth muscle cells loss, swollen endothelial cells and osmiophilic deposits. There is some evidence showing that clinical progression depends on the mutation's localization in the Gene sequencing|gene sequence.CADASIL has only recently been discovered and only around 400 families with the disease have been diagnosed. However, it is believed that the disease is far more prevalent than current diagnoses indicate. |
|
|
| Diseases Renewal 2005.11.01
Sea-sickness / Spinocerebellar ataxia / Kyphosis / Short bowel syndrome / Newcastle disease / Anal fissure / Scoliosis / Lymphopenia / Lordosis / Tropical sprue / Cellular pathology / Temporomandibular joint disorder / Heart rot / Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita / Mycetoma / Polymicrogyria / Argyria / Pestilence / Uveitis / Altitude sickness
|
|
Beta-peptide''β''-peptides consist of beta amino acids, which have an amino|amino group in the ''β''-position. Because the backbones of ''β''-peptides are longer than those of Peptide|peptides that consist of ''α''-amino acids, ''β''-peptides form a secondary structure different from that of normal peptides. In addition to the interest in creating new structures, the possibility of new functions created by the new structures has been enhancing the interest in ''β''-peptides recently.Although the structure of peptide depends on the chemical structure of the amino acid, many kinds of ''β''-peptides form helix structures. This feature is due to the local Chemical conformation|conformation of the ''β''-amino acid; alkyl substituents at position ''α'' and ''β'' favor a gauche conformation about the bond between the ''α''-carbon and ''β''-carbon. This also affects the thermodynamic stability of the structure. Generally speaking! , ''β''-peptide forms a more stable helix than ''α''-peptide does.Many types of helix structures consisting of ''β''-peptides have been reported. These conformation types are distinguished by the number of atoms in the Hydrogen bond|hydrogen-bonded ring; 8-helix, 10-helix, 12-helix, 14-helix, and 10/12-helix have been reported. There are great possibilities for ''β''-peptides in biology. It was found that ''β''-peptides are stable against Proteolysis|proteolytic degradation in vitro and in vivo, an important advantage over natural peptides. |
|
|
| Health care Renewal 2005.10.31
Community health / Valine / Pyroglutamic acid / Health science / Vitamin B6 / Biotin / Dehydroalanine / Pyrroloquinoline quinone / Pantothenic acid / Meig's syndrome / Lysine / Hwa-Byung / Vitamin D / Cyanocobalamin / Vitamin C / Macromineral / Nutrition / China project / Recommended Dietary Allowance / Biomedical research
|
|
Perry:''This article is about Perry the alcoholic beverage. For other uses, see Perry (disambiguation)'' ) is bottled champagne-style in NormandyPerry or pear cider is an alcoholic beverage made of fermentation|fermented pear juice. It is similar to cider, in that it is made using a similar process and often has a similar alcoholic content.Perry has been common for centuries in England and France. Most of the best perry comes from France, especially Normandy. As with cider, special pear cultivars are used. They produce fruit that is of poor eating quality, but that produces superior perry. Perry pears are higher in tannin and acid than eating or cooking pears, and are generally smaller. Sweden also produces perry, such as Kopparbergs pear cider.Perry from Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire in England made from traditional recipes forms a European Union Protected Geographical Indication.A branded perry known as Babycham, marketed principally as a woman's drink and sold in miniature Champagne (beverage)|Champagne-style bottles, was once popular but has now beco! me unfashionable.One may also find perry distilled, in a similar style to Calvados (spirit)|apple brandy. |
|
| Alcoholic beverages Renewal 2005.10.30
Rum / Beer / Mulled wine / Advocaat / Kumis / Awamori / Sparks (drink) / Hpnotiq / Sima (mead) / Mezcal / Sake / Kilju / Crème de menthe / Long drink / Kvass / Pulque / Radler / Vodka / Punsch / Spruce beer
|
|
Boiler_insuranceBoiler insurance is a type of property insurance that pays accidental losses to machinery and equipment. Although it is called boiler insurance it can actually cover just about any device that uses, transmits or generates mechanical or electrical power; of course certain exclusions apply.Standard property insurance policies normally exclude coverage for losses caused by mechanical breakdown, artificially generated electrical current, and explosion of high pressure steam boilers. Boiler insurance provides a way to buy coverage for those types of losses.Boiler insurance can cover: *specific objects - "1978 ACME boiler s/n 12345" *blanket objects - "blanket all electric motors" *comprehensive - "all objects unless specifically excluded" In the United States, companies providing boiler insurance will generally perform jurisdictionally required boiler inspections as a free service.Boiler insurance may alternatively be referred to as "equipment breakdown insurance", "machinery and equipment insurance" or any other such name. |
|
|
Nelumbo_lutea''Nelumbo lutea'', the American Lotus, also known as Yellow Lotus or Water-chinquapin, is a flowering plant of the family Proteales. Image:Nelumbo_lutea_blossom.jpeg|Flower Image:Nelumbo_lutea_leafstalkblossom.jpeg|Leaf and flower Image:Nelumbo_lutea_linedrawing.png|Drawing |
|
|
| American actor Renewal 2005.10.28
Wallflower / Trillium / Rhododendron 'President Roosevelt' / Hyacinth (flower) / Adonis (plant) / Poinsettia / Lilium humboldtii / Passion flower / Dog violet / Daylily / Black-eyed Susan / C!
ornflower / Petunia / Nelumbo lutea / Lippia nodiflora / Carnation / Nectar source / Begonia / Pollen source / Erysimum 'Chelsea Jacket'
|
|
Fair_valueFair value, also called fair price, is a concept used in finance and economics.It is considered by supporters to be a rational and unbiased estimate of the potential market price of a good, a service, a financial asset, etc., taking into account such elements as, among others: * its production / distribution costs, * its usefulness (for goods and services) * its financial return (for assets), or what economists call utility (return / risk balance) * its rarity. |
|
|
|
Tie_rodA tie rod is a slender structural rod used as a tie (engineering)|tie and capable of carrying tension|tensile loads only. Since the ratio of its length to the radius of gyration of its cross section is usually very large, it would buckle under the action of physical compression|compressive force (physics)|forces. Tie rods are used for airplane structures and in steel structures such as bridges, industrial buildings, tanks, towers and crane (machine)|cranes. Tie rods known as sag rods are sometimes used in connection with purlins to take the component of the loads which is parallel to the roof.The working strength of a tie rod is the product of the allowable working stress and the minimum cross-sectional area. If threads are cut into a cylinder|cylindrical rod, that minimum area occurs at the root of the thread. Often rods are upset (made thicker at the ends) -- then the tie rod does not become weaker when threads are cut into it.Tie rods are connected at the ends in various ways, but it is desirable that the strength of the connection should be at least equal to the strength of the rod. The ends may be threaded and passed through drilled holes or shackles and retained by Nut (hardware) | nuts screwed on the ends. If the ends are threaded right- and left-hand the length between points of loading may be altered. This furnishes a second method for prestressing the rod at will by turning it in the nuts so that the length will be changed. A turnbuckle will accomplish the same purpose. The ends may also be swaged to receive a fitting which is connected to the supports. Another way of making end connections is to forge an eye or hook on the rod.The spokes of bicycle wheels are tie rods.A famous incident involving tie rods is the Hyatt Regency walkway collapse in Kansas City, Missouri, on ! July 17, 1981. The hotel had a large atrium with three walkways crossing it suspended from tie rods. A design flaw resulted in several of the walkways collapsing, killing 114 people and injuring over 200.''See Also:'' Reinforced concrete----In automobiles a tie rod is part of the steering mechanism. |
|
|
| Construction Renewal 2005.10.26
Barn raising / Formwork / Piledriver / Tie rod / Hard hat / Ready-mix concrete / Riprap / Earthbag construction / Tradesman / Solar design / Asphalt / Adobe / Clunch / Catastrophic failure / Stonemason / Infrastructure / Reinforced concrete / Rebar / Tilt slab / Arc welding
|
|
ArthrogryposisArthrogryposis (Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita) is a muscle disorder that causes multiple joint contractures at birth. A contracture is a limitation in the range of motion of a joint. In some cases, few joints may be affected and the range of motion may be nearly normal. In the "classic" case of arthrogryposis, hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, feet and knees are affected. In the most severe cases, nearly every body joint may be involved, including the jaw and back. Frequently, the contractures are accompanied by muscle weakness, which further limits movement. Arthrogryposis is relatively rare, occurring in approximately one in 3,000 births. In most cases, arthrogryposis is not a genetic condition and does not occur more than once in a family. In about 30% of the cases, a genetic cause can be identified. The risk of recurrence for these cases varies with the type of genetic disorder. Research has shown that anything that prevents normal joint movement before birth ! can result in joint contractures. The joint itself may be normal. However, when a joint is not moved for a period of time, extra connective tissue tends to grow around it, fixing it in position. Lack of joint movement also means that tendons connecting to the joint are not stretched to their normal length; short tendons, in turn, make normal joint movement difficult. (This same kind of problem can develop after birth in joints that are immobilized for long periods of time in casts.) In general, there are four causes for limitation of joint movement before birth: * Muscles do not develop properly (atrophy). In most cases, the specific cause for muscular atrophy cannot be identified. Suspected causes include muscle diseases (for example, congenital muscular dystrophies), maternal fever during pregnancy, and viruses, which may damage Cell (biology)|cells that transmit nerve impulses to the muscles. * There is not sufficient room in the uterus for normal movement. For example, the mother may lack a normal amount of amniotic fluid, or have an abnormally shaped uterus. * Central nervous system and spinal cord are malformed. In these cases, a wide range of other conditions usually accompanies arthrogryposis. * Tendons, bones, joints or joint linings may develop abnormally. For example, tendons may not be connected to the proper place in a joint. |
|
|
|
Essential_amino_acidAn essential amino acid for an organism is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by the organism from other available resources, and therefore must be supplied as part of its diet.Eight amino acids are generally regarded as essential for humans: tryptophan, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine. Two others, histidine and arginine are essential only in children. A good mnemonic device for remembering these is "Private Tim Hall", abbreviated as: ''PVT TIM HALL''.Which amino acids are essential, varies from species to species, as different metabolisms are able to synthesize different substances. For instance, taurine (which is not, by strict definition, an amino acid) is essential for cats, but not for dogs. Thus, dog food is not nutritionally sufficient for cats, and taurine is added to commercial cat food, but not to dog food. The distinction between essential and non-essential amino acids is somewhat unclear, as some amino acids can be produced from others. The sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and homocysteine, can be converted into each other but neither can be synthesized from scratch in humans. Likewise, cysteine can be made from homocysteine, but not from scratch. So, for convenience, sulfur-containing amino acids are sometimes considered a single pool of nutritionally-equivalent amino acids. Likewise arginine, ornithine, and citrulline, which are interconvertible by the urea cycle, are considered a single pool. |
|
|
| Health care Renewal 2005.10.24
Carboxyglutamate / Asparagine / Niacin / Obesity / Amino acid / Alanine / Biomedical engineering / Health science / Medical algorithm / Glycine / Vitamin B / Selenocysteine / Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate / Biotin / Phenylalanine / Adenine / Healthy city / Vitamin C / Pyrroloquinoline quinone / Muscazone
|
|
Potassium_chlorideThe chemical compound potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide composed of potassium and chlorine. In its pure state it is odourless. It has a white to colourless vitreous crystal, with a crystal structure|face-centred cubic structure that cleaves easily in three directions. KCl is used in medicine, scientific applications, Food preservation|food processing and in judicial Execution (legal)|execution through lethal injection. It occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite. |
|
| Health care Renewal 2005.10.20
Health effect / Amino acid / Template:Vitamin / Nutrition / Lanthionine / Community health / 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid / Carnitine / Beta-alanine / Macromineral / Glycine / Muscazone / |
|
First_GrowthFirst Growth (French language|French ''Premier Cru'') status refers to the greatest wines of the Bordeaux region. According to the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, only four red wines were assigned the status of ''Premier Cru'', three from M?doc and one from Graves. In addition, eleven of the sweet white wines of Sauternes and Barsac were classed as ''Premier Cru'', and one (Ch?teau d'Yquem) was granted a special ''Premier Cru Sup?rieur'' (Great First Growth) classification.With the exception of Ch?teau Haut-Brion from Graves, the 1855 Classification overlooked the regions of Graves, Saint-Emilion and Pomerol entirely, despite the fact that several were and remain to be ranked among the finest red wines in the world. For details on their own classification schemes, see their sections below.In addition, Burgundy maintains its own classification scheme based on specific appellations. |
|
|
| Konwledge of Wine Renewal 2005.10.19
Bottling line / Lachryma Christi / Winery / Cooking wine / Champagne flute / Oz Clarke / Tun (unit) / Zweiglt / Pomace wine / Sideways / Vintner / Bottle / Moscatel / Cork (material) / !
Terroir / Jug wine / KWV / Vintage / Screwcap / Puncheon
|
|
SeiyakuSeiyaku is the Japanese word for 'vow', 'oath' or 'pledge'; an earnest and solemn promise.It is not necessarily a religious vow, but deeply sincere nonetheless. As with a vow in English, seiyaku is made to oneself, to another, or to a deity.The word is used in Japanese as commonly as the word 'vow' or 'oath' is used in English, for example in court or at a wedding ceremony.The pronunciation is: 'sei' as in 'sai-lor' or 'say', 'ya' as in 'ya-nk' or 'ya-rn', and 'ku' as in 'coo-l'(source: http://www.seiyaku.com)written in different kanji, it also means a pharmaceutical store or "drugist" often carrying cosmetics as well(source: myself, having lived in Kyoto for over a year, but you can also double check on Jeffrey's Japanese to English dictionary http://linear.mv.com/cgi-bin/j-e) |
|
| Japanese terms Renewal 2005.10.18 |
International_Association_of_Financial_EngineersThe International Association of Financial Engineers is a not-for-profit professional organization of Financial Engineers headquartered in NYC. It holds meetings to discuss various strategies in Financial_mathematics. Meetings usually consisting of guest speakers who have published in economical journals and have some experience in academia and financial houses (e.g.Goldman_Sachs and Merrill_Lynch). The meetings also discusses employment and career development for financial engineers and those wishing to become involved in the field. |
|
|
|
Chartered_Financial_AnalystChartered Financial Analyst (CFA) is a professional qualification offered by the CFA Institute (formerly known as AIMR) to financial analysts who complete a series of three examinations and work for at least four years in the investment decision making process. The curriculum for the CFA program is based on a Body of Knowledge established by the CFA Institute. The curriculum includes:* Ethics and Professional Standards * Quantitative Methods (such as the time value of money, and statistical inference) * Economics * Financial Statement Analysis * Corporate Finance * Analysis of Investments (stocks, bonds, derivatives, venture capital, real estate, etc.) * Portfolio management and Analysis (asset allocation, portfolio risk, performance measurement, etc.)The exams are generally taken one per year for three years and are written at a postgraduate level for financial professionals. Exams are very challenging, with only 36% of candidates passing the Level I exam in June 2005. The CFA designation is considered the most prestigious and respected designation in the world of finance.The CFA designation is a significant qualification for people engaged in the financial and investment sector and has become a prerequisite for advancement at many firms. Studies have also shown that professionals with the designation earn salaries 20% higher than their peers with equivalent credentials in equivalent positions. From 1963 (when the CFA designation ! was first used) to 2004, approximately 64,000 people from many different countries have been awarded the right to use the CFA designation. As of 2004, approximately 130,000 more people are currently enrolled to take one of the examinations.The CFA program began in the United States, but became increasingly international during the 1980s and 1990s. By 2003 less than half the candidates in the CFA program were based in the US and Canada, with most of the other candidates based in Asia or Europe.CFA charterholders are obliged to adhere to a strict Code of Ethics and Standards governing their professional conduct. The CFA Institute headquarters are in Charlottesville, Virginia. It also has offices in London, New York and Hong Kong. |
|
|
BrickworkBrickwork is produced when a bricklayer uses bricks and Mortar (masonry)|mortar to build up structures such as walls, bridges and chimneys. (Brickwork is also used to finish openings such as doors or windows in buildings made of other materials.)Bricks are laid to expose their ends (Header bricks), or sides (Stretcher bricks). As the work progresses, the bricks are laid in rows called courses. The manner in which the bricks overlap as they are laid up is called the bond (masonry)|bond. Types of bond include Bond (masonry)#English bond|English, Bond (masonry)#Flemish Bond|Flemish, and Bond (masonry)#Herringbone bond|Herringbone, but the most common type of brickwork seen these days is the bond (masonry)#Stretcher bond|monotonous stretcher bond, showing only the long side-surface of the brick.Because only the outside of finished brickwork is visible, cheaper grades of brick are commonly used for the hidden parts of a wall. In an old red-brick house, behind the front of red, th! e rest of the walls are often made of softer yellow bricks. So with certain types of bond (e.g. garden wall bond) it is possible to use a higher ratio of cheaper bricks to more expensive bricks, making for a cheaper wall of the same dimensions. On the same house, sometimes a more economical "garden wall" bond has been used at the side and rear compared to the front.The thickness of brickwork is measured in units of brick. If you put some bricks down end-to-end with the long side facing you (stretchers) and then another row on top, the wall thickness is half a brick. There are rules of bonding, which have some exceptions. These specify the overlap between courses that is visible outside the wall, and also the overlap which must be made within the wall, for walls which are more than half a brick thick. Brickwork, like unreinforced concrete, has little tensile strength, and works by everything being kept in compression.Brickwork arches can span great distances, and carry consi! derable loads. |
|
|
| Construction Renewal 2005.10.15
Falsework / Dump truck / Tie rod / Tradesman / Brickwork / Land rehabilitation / Abated / Construction engineering / Stonemason / Glazing / Rammed earth / Platform framing / Aerial wo!
rk platform / Fill trestle / Guastavino tile / Earthquake construction / Drywall / Solar design / Brick / Earthbag construction
|
|
AsahiAsahi () means "morning sun" in Japanese language|Japanese. It is a name of several places in Japan: * a city: Asahi, Chiba (; ''Asahi-shi'') * a ward of the city of Osaka, Osaka|Osaka: Asahi-ku, Osaka (; ''Asahi-ku'') * several towns: Asahi, Aichi (; ''Asahi-chō'') Asahi, Fukui (; ''Asahi-chō'') Asahi, Hachioji, Tokyo (東京都八王子市旭町; ''Asahi-chō'') Asahi, Hokkaido (; ''Asahi-chō'') Asahi, Machida, Tokyo (東京都町田市旭町; ''Asahi-machi'') Asahi, Mie (; ''Asahi-chō'') Asahi, Nerima, Tokyo (東京都練馬区旭町; ''Asahi-machi'') Asahi, Okayama (; ''Asahi-chō'') Asahi, Shimane (; ''Asahi-chō'') Asahi, Toyama (; ''Asahi-machi'') Asahi, Yamagata (Murayama) (; ''Asahi-machi'') * several villages: Asahi, Gifu (; ''Asahi-mura'') Asahi, Ibaraki (; ''Asahi-mura'') Asahi, Nagano (; ''Asahi-mura'') Asahi, Niigata (; ''Asahi-mura'') Asahi, Yamagata (Tagawa) (; ''Asahi-mura'') Asahi, Yamaguchi (; ''Asahi-son'') * several companies: Asahi Breweries is the Japanese beer company. Asahi Shimbun is the Japanese newspaper. TV Asahi is the Japanese television network. Asahi Glass Company is a Japanese chemical products manufacturer |
|
|
| Japanese terms Renewal 2005.10.14 |
|
African_lilyThe African lily (''Agapanthus umbellatus'') is a member of the family (biology)|family Alliaceae and a native of the Cape of Good Hope, from where it was introduced to Europe at the close of the 17th century. |
|
|
| American actor Renewal 2005.10.13
Erythronium 'Pagoda' / Blossom / Yellow Jessamine / Red sunflower / Rhododendron / Lobelia / Alyssum / Nymphoides / Hypericum calycinum / Carnation / Crinum / Passion flower / Hippeast!
rum / Eranthis / Poached egg plant / Nectar source / California Poppy / Rhododendron 'President Roosevelt' / Ragwort / Gilliflower
|
| 日 | 月 | 火 | 水 | 木 | 金 | 土 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |
| 29 | 30 |
